??????????????????????????????Covid-19??????????1??????????“???”???????????????????????Э????

???????????????2020??3??21???????????????????Food and Drug Administration, FDA??????????????????Cepheid????????????????1???????·?????Cepheid??Kurt Petersen??Allen Northrup?????????1996?????佫?????????о?????????????PCR???????豸?????????MEMS??????????????????Cepheid??????????????????????????????????/???????в????2001?????????????????????Cepheid??????????????????U.S. Postal Service?????????????????????????????????????á?

???????1??????????????????????????????????????RT-PCR?????????????????????RT-PCR??????????????????????????д????DNA????????????????????????????????顣

?????????????????????????????顣?й????????2020??1??10????η???????1???????????????????????????????????????????????1??о?С???????7????????????????????????????????WHO??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о??????翹?????CRISPR-Cas13?????

???PCR?????С?????????????????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????DNA??????????п?????′?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

MEMS?????????PCR????????????????С??磬??????????ɡ?MEMS??????????????????????С??????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????PCR??dPCR????

????PCR??????????????????????????????????????л??????????????????????PCR??ddPCR????????????????????????????Щ??????????в???PCR???????????????????????????????????????д???????????????????????????????????????

????????PCR??????????????

??2020??3??6???????????????????????????????о??У?????????PCR????????MEMS????????PCR?????????1?????е?????????????о??У????????PCR??ddPCR??????PCR????????????????????????о????????????д????????????????ddPCR???1??????????????PCR?????500????????????ζ?????????????в??????????????????￡????PCR????ddPCR???п?????????????????

MEMS PCRо?????????1990????????????????ī????????????Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory????Allen Northrup?о?С????1993??????????й???PCRо??????????о???????1996????????Cepheid????????????й????????MEMS???????????????PCRо??????衢????????????????????????????????uTAS?????о???????????С?

Northrup???????????????ī????????????????????MEMS???PCRо?????????????????Cepheid???????Cepheid????У???????????Northrup MA, Ching MT, White RM, Watson RT, “DNA amplification in a microfabricated reaction chamber,” Transducers 1993, Yokohama, Japan. pp. 924–926.??

????????????????????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????á????????????о????ETRI????Genesystem?????о?????????????????????PCR??????????????о???????????????????????????????????????CMOS?????????

??Я?PCR????????????????????????????????????CMOS???????????????????У???????????DS Lee, OR Choi, and YJ Seo, “A Handheld and Battery-Powered Realtime Microfluidic PCR Amplification Device,” Transducers 2019, Berlin, Germany pp. 1063-1065.??

?????????????1????“???”?????????????????????Э???????λ???????Stilla Technologies?????????PCR??????????????й?????????????????м?????????Naica????PCR????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????Bio-Rad??2020??3??19?????????????qPCR???е????в????????????QX200???????PCR?????1??????????????и???????????????????????FDA????????????????EUA????Bio-Rad????????????????Biodesix?????????????ddPCR?????????1???????

???????????????????MEMS?????????????????1???????Bosch????????????????????????1?????????????????????2.5С????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Bosch Healthcare Solutions????????Vivalytic??????????С?

Vivalytic??????????н???2020??4??????1??????????????????????????????????

???????????????????＼????????и?????????????????????1???????飬??????Ч????????????Cepheid??????????????????????????????????“???”???????Ч??????SARS??MERS??????1?????????????У????????????????????????PCR??????????????????????????????????Χ???????????????????????????????з??????????????????????????ж?????????????MEMS?????????PCR??

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????????????DNA???????????????????г?????-2019?桷

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??MEMS??????-2019?桷??